B Vitamins – What are they and why are they so important?

B vitamins are essential to a horse’s health. Bacteria in the hindgut produce some B vitamins, while others are gained from fresh green forage, or fortified concentrate feeds in the horse’s diet. Many horses get all the B vitamins they need from these sources, but those who receive limited or no grass, or very low intakes of concentrate feed may need an extra source of B vitamins . In addition, horses recovering from an illness or in high levels of work with an intense competition program may have increased requirements and  can benefit from additional B Vitamin supplementation.

Let’s take a closer look at the 8 significant B Vitamins a horse needs:

• Vitamin B1 – Thiamine plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism which supports the conversion of nutrients into energy, it also supports nervous system function. Brewer’s yeast is naturally rich in Vitamin B1.  

• Vitamin B2 – Riboflavin supports energy metabolism and production of immune cells. Legumes are naturally rich in Riboflavin.

• Vitamin B3 – Niacin is important for energy transfer in the body.

• Vitamin B5 - Pantothenic Acid is involved in breakdown of fat and protein synthesis.

• Vitamin B6 – Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism, plays a role in haemoglobin production and is an essential factor in energy production.

• Vitamin B7 – Biotin has many roles, but is best known for assisting with keratin production and promotes healthy hooves. The gut microbes are able to synthesise biotin for the horse, but this relies on a healthy microbiome.

• Vitamin B9 - Folic Acid promotes red blood cell production.

• Vitamin B12 – Cobalamin promotes red blood cell production, is involved in protein metabolism and in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

Do you need to supplement B Vitamins?

Whilst a serious lack of B vitamins is quite rare, sub-optimal intake levels, especially in horses where requirements may be increased, such as those in hard work with little access to grazing, may be more common. Horses that aren’t getting enough B vitamins often lose their appetite and may also tire more easily, which can be difficult when preparing for an event or competing regularly.

Additionally, those horses that are in hard work, with a demanding competition schedule may benefit from additional vitamin B supplementation to increase energy for optimum performance, to support a carefully planned training and fitness programme.

If you would like personalised Nutrition advice for your horse from our team of experienced Vets and Nutritionist, please contact our Nutrition Helpline: info@equine-america.co.uk